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Chaltu Fikru,1 Masrie Getnet,2 Tamrat Shaweno1 1Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University Institute of Health, Jimma, Ethiopia; 2Biostatistics Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University Institute of Health, Jimma, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tamrat Shaweno Email babiynos@gmail.comIntroduction: Although there has been a remarkable decline in under-five mortality through the decades, it is still highest in socio-economically disadvantaged countries, including Ethiopia. The benefits of reducing under-five mortality have been highly emphasized in the ambitious target of Sustainable Development Goals. The risk factors of under-five mortality have not been exhaustively researched in Ethiopia using recent nationwide survey data.Objective: This study aimed to determine the risk factors of under-five mortality using the recent nationwide survey data.Method: The data source for this study was the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted and statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05.Results: The data for a total of 10,641 under-five children were analyzed and the under-five mortality rate was 67 per 1000 live births in this study. In the final model, rural residence (AOR=2.0, [1.20, 3.30], P=0.008), mothers who gave birth with preceding birth intervals of shorter than 24 months (AOR=2.12, CI=[1.72, 2.61], P |