Selfish sounds and linguistic evolution : a Darwinian approach to language change

Selfish sounds and linguistic evolution : a Darwinian approach to language change / Nikolaus Ritt.

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Hlavní autor: Ritt, Nikolaus, 1960-
Médium: E-kniha
Jazyk:English
Vydáno: Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge, 2004.
Témata:
Linguistic change.
Evolution (Biology)
English language > Phonology, Historical.
LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES > General.
English language > Phonology, Historical
Linguistic change
Diachronische fonologie.
Taalverandering.
Darwinisme.
Variation de langage.
Évolution (Biologie)
Anglais (Langue)
Phonologie prosodique.
Phonologie diachronique.
On-line přístup:Click for online access
Obsah:
  • Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Figures; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The benefits of language; 1.2 ... its shortcomings; 1.3 ... and ways of studying it; 1.3.1 Observation and inference in language modelling; 1.3.2 Modelling by inference: data problems; (1) GRAND LEG
  • SEIZE OURS; 1.3.3 Modelling by inference 2: modelling what, how and why?; 2 The historical perspective; 2.1 Evidence of language change; 2.2 Language as a changing object; 3 Approaching 'language change'; 3.1 Preliminaries; 3.2 Establishing basic assumptions; 3.3 What 'language change' must represent.
  • 3.3.1 Language as text3.3.2 Language as behaviour; 3.3.3 Language as competence; 3.3.4 Language as a biological capacity; 3.3.5 The competence-behaviour-text cycle; 3.3.6 Beyond the individual: language and the community or language 'as such'?; 3.3.7 Summary; 3.4 Reconstructing a particular 'phonological change'; 3.4.1 Language evolution as property replication; 3.4.1.1 What makes replicating systems special; 3.4.1.2 The study of replicating systems and the linguistic community; 3.4.1.3 Summary and outlook; 4 The Darwinian approach; 4.1 A linguist's view of evolutionary biology.
  • 4.1.1 Why are life-forms as they are?4.1.2 Phenotypes and genotypes; 4.1.3 Genotypes and gene replication; 4.1.4 The (Neo- ) Darwinian theory of gene-based evolution; 4.1.4.1 The mechanics of gene replication; 4.1.4.2 Replication under constraints; 4.1.4.2.1 Constraints on replicator life-spans; 4.1.4.2.2 Limits on copying fidelity and the emergence of variation; 4.1.4.2.3 Differential replication; 4.1.4.2.4 First résumé; 4.1.4.2.5 Consequences of constrained replication: adaptation and 'phenotypic' (side- )effects; 4.1.4.2.6 Stable diversity.
  • 4.1.4.2.7 Specifying the theory: replicator alliances and higher-level organisation4.1.4.3 Derived higher-level categories 1: 'genomes' and 'organisms'; 4.1.4.4 Derived higher-level categories 2: 'species'; 4.1.4.5 Derived higher-level categories 3: extended phenotypes, families, social groups, symbioses and the general 'fuzziness' of higher-level categories; 4.1.5 Summary and some further discussion; 4.1.5.1 The essentially reductionist character of Evolutionary Theory; 4.1.5.2 Emergent top-down constraints; 4.1.5.3 Explanatory limits of Evolutionary Theory.
  • 4.1.5.3.1 The role of environmental contingencies4.1.5.3.2 Randomness and the impossibility of predictive laws; 4.1.5.3.3 The complexities of development; 4.1.5.4 Optimality in Evolutionary Theory; 4.1.5.5 Evolutionary Theory as a theory of change; 5 Generalising Darwinism; 5.1 The temptations of metaphorical transfer; 5.2 'Complex Adaptive Systems' and 'Universal Darwinism'; 5.2.1 Macro-level properties of Complex Adaptive Systems; 5.2.2 Life and language seen as Complex Adaptive Systems; 5.2.2.1 Species as Complex Adaptive Systems; 5.2.2.2 Languages as Complex Adaptive Systems.

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